PHP Variables Tutorial

A variable is a storage area. You can think about variables like temporary boxes in a computer’s memory to store data. PHP uses Variable to store different type of Data.

For example, if we want to store our name in a PHP script and then see it on the web page, we can use a PHP variable to store our name.

You need two steps to work with variables:

variable declaration
variable call

STEP 1. Variable declaration:

To declare a variable you have to follow this syntax:

$varName = value;

PLEASE NOTE:

variables in PHP start with a dollar sign ($)
variables’ names are case sensitive
you can use alphanumeric characters and underscores (no spaces)
the first character of a string name can be a letter or an underscore (no numbers)
you can assign a value to a variable using the assignment operator (=)
you cannot name a variable $this
if the value is a piece of text (a string) you have to wrap the value in between quotation marks
if the name of the variable contains more than one word, please use lower camel case notation (e.g. $thisIsMyName or $varNameHere)

STEP 2. Variable usage:

To refer to the value of a variable, just write its name.

<?php #variables.php
     //variable declaration, storing a STRING (a piece of text)
     $myName = "john";
     //variable declaration, storing a NUMBER 
     $myAge = 40;//variables usage
echo "<p>Hello, there. My name is $myName and I am $myAge years old.</p>"
/*
Hello, there. My name is john and I am 40 years old.
*/
?>

<?php #variables.php

//variable declaration, storing a STRING (a piece of text)

$myName = "john";

//variable declaration, storing a NUMBER

$myAge = 40;//variables usage

echo "Hello, there. My name is $myName and I am $myAge years old."

Hello, there. My name is john and I am 40 years old.

PLEASE NOTE:

If you echo a variable name between double quotation marks (“$myNAme”) you will output the value of that variable (e.g. john)
If you echo a variable name between single quotation marks (‘$myNAme’) you will output the name of that variable (e.g. $myName)

Variables declaration and datatype

Unlike other programming languages, PHP is a loosely typed language. For this reason you do not have to declare a type while declaring a new variable. While variables do not have specific types, PHP still maintains the concept of a type.

The principal types in PHP are:

Integer (e.g. 4)
Float (e.g. 2.3)
String (e.g. “dog”)
Boolean (true or false)

You can use isset() to determine whether a variable has been set and is not null.

<?php #variables.php
     //variable declaration
    $myVar = "some value";
if( isset($myVar) )
{
echo $myvar;
}
?>

<?php #variables.php

//variable declaration

$myVar = "some value";

if( isset($myVar) )

{

echo $myvar;

}

The above example declares a variable $myVar, then displays it only if it has been correctly set.

Click here to read more about IF statements.

Long multiline strings can be stored into variables using HEREDOC syntax:

<?php #variables.php
   $name = 'joe';

   // HEREDOC syntax: 
 $text = <<<EOD
<p>This string can contain both "double" and </p>
<p>'single' quotes, and any variables such as $name will be interpolated</p>
<p>(i.e replaced with their value). The string ends at the first occurence</p>
<p>of the sequence of characters specified at the beginning after <<<,</p> 
<p>like this:"EOD" 
EOD;

<?php #variables.php

$name = 'joe';

// HEREDOC syntax:

$text = <<<EOD

This string can contain both "double" and

'single' quotes, and any variables such as $name will be interpolated

(i.e replaced with their value). The string ends at the first occurence

of the sequence of characters specified at the beginning after <<<,

like this:"EOD"

EOD;

You can concatenate strings using the . operator:

<?php 
#variables.php
   $firstString = 'Monkeys '; 
   $secondString = 'like '; 
   $thirdString = 'bananas';   

   //The . operator adds strings together (concatenation)
   $fourthString = $firstString . $secondString . $thirdString; 
   echo "<p>$fourthString</p>";

/*
Monkeys like bananas
*/
?>

<?php

#variables.php

$firstString = 'Monkeys ';

$secondString = 'like ';

$thirdString = 'bananas';

//The . operator adds strings together (concatenation)

$fourthString = $firstString . $secondString . $thirdString;

echo "$fourthString";

Monkeys like bananas

Of course you can use variables to store and operate with Numbers:

<?php #variables.php
   //storing numbers in variables
   $vatRate = 1.2; 
   $price = 20; 
   //operating
   $pricePlusVat = $price * $vatRate; 
   echo "<p>An item costing <strong>&pound;$price</strong> costs 
            <strong>£$pricePlusVat</strong> including VAT.</p>";
   /*
      An item costing £20 costs £24 including VAT.  
   */
?>

<?php #variables.php

//storing numbers in variables

$vatRate = 1.2;

$price = 20;

//operating

$pricePlusVat = $price * $vatRate;

echo "An item costing £$price costs

£$pricePlusVat including VAT.";

An item costing £20 costs £24 including VAT.

Click here to read about data types.

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